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Total number of found documents : 42
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1.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Boroday N. V., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Morphological features of doxorubicin-resistant Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and response of mast cells
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2018. - Т. 40, № 1. - С. 42-47 (Cipher ЕУ12/2018/40/1)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: КАРЦИНОМА 256 УОКЕРА -- CARCINOMA 256, WALKER
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ -- DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM
ТУЧНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ -- MAST CELLS
ДОКСОРУБИЦИН -- DOXORUBICIN
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
ФОТОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ СНИМКИ -- PHOTOGRAPHS
Annotation: The mechanisms of drug resistance of cancer have not been yet elucidated in details. Recently, the role of mast cells (MCs) in the development of drug resistance has been brought in the limelight. The aim of the study was to examine the morphological features of doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and to assess the response of MCs and histamine content in these cells in relation to the development of resistance to DOX as well as in DOX-resistant tumors. Materials and Methods: The DOX resistance was induced by serial passages of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats in the setting of DOX treatment in vivo. MCs in tumors were detected in the sections by staining with Toluidine Blue O. Histamine content in MCs stained with solution of Water Blue-Orcein was assessed by Astaldi semiquantitative method taking into account different staining intensity. Results: Formation of DOX resistance in the course of serial passages of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was accompanied by the increase in the number of MCs in tumors and histamine content. Nevertheless, in tumors with phenotype of complete DOX resistance the number of histamine-containing MCs decreased to the same level as in tumors of the original strain that are DOX-sensitive. Conclusion: MCs are involved in formation of DOX resistance in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma
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2.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chekhun V. F., Lukianova N. Y., Chekhun S. V., Bezdieniezhnykh N. O., Zadvomiy T. V., Borikun T. V., Polishchuk L. Z., Klyusov O. M.
Title : Association of CD44+CD24-/low with markers of aggressiveness and plasticity of cell lines and tumors of patients with breast cancer
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2017. - Т. 39, № 3. - С. 203-211 (Cipher ЕУ12/2017/39/3)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ -- BREAST NEOPLASMS
НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ МАРКЕРЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ -- TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL
ЦИТОСТАТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА -- CYTOSTATIC AGENTS
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ -- DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
Annotation: To search for additional molecular-biological markers of cancer stem cell (CSC) involved in the development of intra-tumor heterogeneity for the detection of features of the breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis. Materials and methods: Expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Her2/neu, E- and N-cadherin, CD24, CD44, Bcl-2, Bax, Slug, P-gp, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and metallothionein in cell lines was determined by the immunocytochemical method. Expression of ER, PR, Her2/neu, CD24 and CD44 in the surgical material of BC patients were determined by the immunohistochemical method. The levels of the miRNA were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Cells of high-grade malignancy (HGM), MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 are characterized by high expression of stem cell markers compared to the cells of low-grade malignancy (LGM), T47D and MCF-7: CD44 levels in T47D and MCF-7 cells were in range of 72-79 points, which is significantly lower than in HGM cells (p 0.05). Also, HGM cells with the properties of CSC were characterized by high expression of antiapoptotic proteins, the transcription factor Slug, and low levels of proapoptotic protein Bax (p 0.05) compared to LGM cells. In cells with CSC characteristics an increased expression of transferrin and its receptor, ferritin, fentorin and hepcidin was revealed indicating activation of the endogenous iron metabolism. The characteristic feature of HGM cells with CSC phenotype were the increased levels of oncogenic miR-221, -155 and -10b by 60%, 92% and 78%, respectively, and decreased levels of oncosuppressive miR-29b, -34a and -200b by 8.4 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.2, and 3.4 ± 0.6 times compared to MCF-7 line cells. It has been established that the development of resistance to cytostatics is accompanied by increased aggressiveness of tumor cells, loss of expression of hormonal receptors and acquiring of stem phenotype. In particular, increased expression of P-gp was observed in BC cells during the development of resistance to doxorubicin, of GST during the development of resistance to cisplatin along with increased CD44 expression (p 0.05). We have revealed the relation between the presence of cells with the CSC phenotype (CD44+CD24-/low) and clinical and pathological characteristics of BC patients, their survival and BC sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The dependence between the expression of CSC markers and the degree of malignancy of tumor cells, development of resistance to cytostatics in vitro was established as well as the predictive value of the detection of the CSC for the individual prognosis of the BC course and sensitivity of the tumors to the treatment
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3.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Zadvornyi T. V., Lukianova N. Y., Borikun T. V., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Effects of exogenous lactoferrin on phenotypic profile and invasiveness of human prostate cancer cells (DU145 and LNCaP) in vitro
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2018. - Т. 40, № 3. - С. 184-189 (Cipher ЕУ12/2018/40/3)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ -- PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS
ЛАКТОФЕРРИН -- LACTOFERRIN
ТКАНЕЙ ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ -- TISSUE SURVIVAL
ИММУНОГИСТОХИМИЯ -- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
ГЕННОЙ ЭКСПРЕССИИ РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ -- GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
Annotation: To investigate the biological effects of exogenous lactoferrin (LF) on phenotypic profile and invasiveness of human prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: Human PC cell lines (LNCaP, DU-145) were cultured with an exogenous LF at a dose corresponding to IC30. The expression levels of steroid hormone receptors (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), Her2/neu, Ki-67, E- and N-cadherin, were monitored by immunohistochemical analysis. The levels of miRNAs were assessed using q-PCR. The invasive activity of the cells was examined in a standard invasion test. Results: Exogenous LF reduced expression of steroid hormone receptors (ERα and PR) and Ki-67 in both PC cell lines. The expression of E-cadherin increased significantly in LF-treated DU-145 cells. Also, we established the decrease in invasive activity upon LF treatment by 40% and 30% in DU-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. In DU-145 cells, incubation with exogenous LF resulted in an increase in the expression of oncosuppressive (miR-133a and miR-200b) miRNAs. Conclusions: Exogenous LF causes the changes in phenotypic characteristics of PC cells and levels of oncogenic and oncosuppressive miRNAs involved in the regulation of key cellular processes. Key Words: prostate cancer, exogenous lactoferrin, DU145, LNCaP, miRNA
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4.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Paliychuk O. V., Polishchuk L. Z., Rossokha Z. I., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Molecular-genetic models for prognosis of development of tumors of reproductive system in women with family history of cancer
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2018. - Т. 40, № 1. - С. 59-67 (Cipher ЕУ12/2018/40/1)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ -- NEOPLASMS
РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ -- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
ЖЕНЩИН ЗДОРОВЬЕ -- WOMEN'S HEALTH
ЛИНЧА СИНДРОМ II -- LYNCH SYNDROME II
ГЕНЫ СУПРЕССОРЫ ОПУХОЛЕВОГО РОСТА -- GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR
ГЕНЫ BRCA1 -- GENES, BRCA1
ГЕНЫ BRCA2 -- GENES, BRCA2
МУТАЦИЯ -- MUTATION
РИСКА СТЕПЕНИ ОЦЕНКА -- RISK ADJUSTMENT
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
Annotation: To develop a prognostic molecular genetic model for assessing the risk of development of benign and malignant tumors of female reproductive organs (FRO) in patients from cancer-affected families. Patients and Methods: The work presents the data on a comprehensive clinical examination of 210 women (90 patients with FRO cancer with aggregation of tumor pathology in families, 65 patients with benign pathology of FRO from cancer-affected families, 55 women — control group of healthy women without family history of cancer). Clinical genealogical analysis, morphological examination of tumors and molecular genetic studies of genomic DNA from peripheral blood and tumors were carried out. Results: It was established that in the families of patients with benign and malignant pathology of FRO, malignant tumors associated with Lynch II syndrome are observed. Based on the analysis of detected ESR-1, CYP 2D6*4 and mutations in BRCA1/2 genes in cancer patients and in patients with benign pathology, molecular genetic models have been developed to assess the individual risk of development of benign and malignant tumors of FRO. It has been established that these molecular genetic models and combinations of gene mutations and gene polymorphisms (SNP) by the intergene interaction that was analyzed, were found to be reliable in assessing the risk of benign and malignant pathology of the mammary gland and ovary. Conclusions: The model, which included the polymorphic variants of the T397C(ESR1)/CYP 2D6*4 genes was of the best predictive accuracy for the evaluation of the risk of benign tumors of the FRO (71.68%) and the highest reliability (p 0.001). At the same time, all identified models of intergene interaction in the development of malignant pathology of FRO were reliable, prognostically significant with high reproduction and almost identical accuracy (65.00–68.23%). The obtained results indicate a high informativeness of such molecular genetic indices as the polymorphism of ESR1 and CYP 2D6*4 genes and mutations in BRCA1/2 genes to assess the risk of benign or malignant tumors of FRO in families of patients with family history of cancer
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5.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chekhun V. F., Domina E. A.
Title : Can SARS-CJV-2 change individual radiation sensitivity of the patients recovered from COVID-19? (experimental and theoretical backlground)
Place of publication : Experimental Oncology. - К., 2021. - Том 43, N 3. - С. 277-280 (Cipher ЕУ12/2021/43/3)
MeSH-main: КОРОНАВИРУСНЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ -- CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS
РАДИОТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ -- RADIATION TOLERANCE
Annotation: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine has been studying the mechanisms and specificities of individual radiation sensitivity (IRS) formation in professionals who work in the field of ionizing radiation, cancer patients and representatives of other population groups. Our data based on the use of G2-test in in vitro irradiated blood lymphocytes in late G2-period of cell cycle indicated an increased carcinogenic risk in professionals with high IRS. We suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could make significant adjustments in the formation of IRS in professionals who have survived the disease and continue to work with ionizing radiation (IR). Increased systemic inflammatory activity, which persists for a long time in COVID-19 patients, in combination with low-dose range irradiation (professionals who continue to work with IR) and with local irradiation in the high-dose range (radiation therapy for cancer patients) may affect IRS. Repeated determination of IRS in professionals who have had COVID-19 infection, using chromosomal G2-radiation sensitivity assay will answer the question: can SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus affect the IRS? The proposed hypothesis of the radiosensitivity evolution needs further experimental validation using a set of radiobiological indices to clarify the mechanism of IRS formation following COVID-19 infection. The detected changes (increase) of human IRS after COVID-19 must be taken into account for personalized planning of radiotherapy of COVID-19 cancer patients
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6.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chumak A. V., Fedosova N. I., Shcherbina V. M., Cheremshenko N. L., Karaman O. M., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Influence of bacterial lectin on key regulatory links of functional activity of macrophages in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma
Place of publication : Experimental Oncology. - К., 2021. - Том 43, N 3. - С. 197-203 (Cipher ЕУ12/2021/43/3)
MeSH-main: КАРЦИНОМА, ЭРЛИХА ОПУХОЛЬ -- CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR
ИММУНОТЕРАПИЯ -- IMMUNOTHERAPY
МАКРОФАГИ -- MACROPHAGES
ЭУКАРИОТЫ -- EUKARYOTA
Annotation: Recent studies have shown the potential of using different approaches for immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Macrophages (Mph) are one of the promising targets for immunotherapy. Aim: To investigate changes in the functional activity of Mph in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma by nitric oxide (NO)/arginase (Arg), IRF4/IRF5 and STAT1/STAT6 ratios caused by administration of lectin from B. subtilis IMV-7724. Materials and Methods: From the 2nd day after Ehrlich carcinoma inoculation into female Balb/c mice, lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 (0.02 mg/mouse) was administered for 10 days. The peritoneal Mph were isolated on days 14, 21, and 28 after tumor transplantation and their functional state (NO production, Arg activity and cytotoxic activity) was examined. The levels of mRNA expression of transcription factors STAT-1, STAT-6, IRF5, IRF4 were evaluated. Results: In lectin-treated animals with Ehrlich carcinoma, the functional state of Mph (NO/Arg ratio, index of cytotoxic activity) was maintained at the level of intact mice exceeding the values in untreated animals with Ehrlich carcinoma at late terms of tumor growth (21, 28 days). Analysis of mRNA expression levels of transcription factors in these animals showed a significant increase (p 0.05) in the ratio of STAT1/STAT6 on the day 21 and IRF5/IRF4 on day 28 of tumor growth compared to that in untreated mice. Conclusions: Administration of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 to mice with Ehrlich carcinoma led to the prevalence of Mph exhibiting the functional properties of M1 type at late-term tumor growth. The transcription factors of the STAT and IRF signaling pathways are involved in the process of Mph polarization induced by lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724
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7.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chekhun V. F.
Title : On the 40th anniversary of the international symposium “The role of stem cells in leukemo-and carcinogenesis»: in Kyiv again
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2017. - Т. 39, № 3. - С. 162-163 (Cipher ЕУ12/2017/39/3)
MeSH-main: ЮБИЛЕИ И ДРУГИЕ ВАЖНЫЕ СОБЫТИЯ -- ANNIVERSARIES AND SPECIAL EVENTS
СЪЕЗДЫ, СИМПОЗИУМЫ -- CONVENTIONS, SYMPOSIUMS
СТВОЛОВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ -- STEM CELLS
НЕОПЛАСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ -- NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES
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8.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chumak A. V., Fedosova N.I., Cheremshenko N. L., Symchych T. V., Voyeykova I. M., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Macrophage polarization in dynamics of Lewis lung carcinoma growth and metastasis
Parallel titles :Зміни поляризації макрофагів у динаміці росту метастазуючої карциноми Льюїс
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2021. - Т. 43, № 1. - С. 15-20 (Cipher ЕУ12/2021/43/1)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: КАРЦИНОМА ЛЬЮИС ЛЕГКОГО -- CARCINOMA, LEWIS LUNG
НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ МЕТАСТАЗЫ -- NEOPLASM METASTASIS
МОДЕЛИ НА ЖИВОТНЫХ -- MODELS, ANIMAL
Annotation: To assess the functional state of macrophages based on various manifestations of their activity at the different stages of metastatic tumor growth in C57Bl mice. Materials and Methods: On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after Lewis lung carcinoma transplantation to C57Bl mice, macrophages from various anatomic sites were isolated and tested on their cytotoxicity, metabolic activity, NO production and arginase activity. Results: In the populations of peritoneal and splenic macrophages, on days 7 and 21 of tumor growth antitumor (M1) cells prevailed while on days 14 and 28 tumor-promoting (M2) macrophages predominated. In the population of lung macrophages, cells with M1 phenotype were in the majority in the early stages of tumor growth. On days 21 and 28, M1 cells were gradually substituted by cells exhibiting M2 phenotype. This shift correlated with metastasis to lungs. Conclusion: Lewis lung carcinoma growth is accompanied by the gradual change in macrophage polarization from antitumor (M1) towards tumor-promoting (M2) type. These changes were more evident in population of lung macrophages and correlated with the parameters of metastasisОцінити стан макрофагів мишей лінії С57Вl за різними проявами їх функціональної активності на різних стадіях росту метастазуючої пухлини. Матеріали та методи: У дослідженні використовували мишей лінії C57Bl з епідермоїдною метастазуючою карциномою легені Льюїс. На 7-, 14-, 21- та 28-й день після перещеплення пухлини макрофаги з різних ніш були виділені та піддані функціональному аналізу. Результати: Макрофаги, отримані з різних біологічних ніш у інтактних тварин, за дослідженими показниками функціональної активності мали фенотип М1. У популяціях макрофагів, отриманих з селезінки та перитонеальної порожнини мишей лінії С57Вl на 7-і 21-шу доби росту карциноми легені Льюїс переважали клітини з протипухлинними властивостями (М1), на 14- та 28-му добу — клітини з пропухлинними властивостями (М2). У популяції легеневих макрофагів на ранніх стадіях пухлинного процесу переважали клітини з фенотипом М1, до 28-ї доби спостерігали поступову їх поляризацію до фенотипу М2. Такі зміни корелювали з показниками метастазування в легені в ці терміни. Висновок: Aналіз показників функціо­нальної активності макрофагів свідчить про їх поступову поляризацію від клітин з проти- (М1) до клітин з пропухлинними (М2) властивостями в динаміці росту карциноми легені Льюїс. Виявлені зміни були найбільш вираженими в популяції легеневих макрофагів та мали кореляційний зв’язок з показниками метастазування
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9.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Chekhun V. F., Storchai D. M., Todor I. N., Borikun T. V., Lukianova N. Yu.
Title : Antitumor and genotoxic effects of lactoferrin in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2018. - Т. 40, № 3. - С. 200-204 (Cipher ЕУ12/2018/40/3)
Notes : Bibliogr. at the end of the art.
MeSH-main: МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ -- BREAST NEOPLASMS
КАРЦИНОМА 256 УОКЕРА -- CARCINOMA 256, WALKER
ЛАКТОФЕРРИН -- LACTOFERRIN
РОСТА ИНГИБИТОРЫ -- GROWTH INHIBITORS
МУТАГЕНЫ -- MUTAGENS
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
Annotation: To investigate the influence of exogenous lactoferrin (LF) on tumor growth, energy and lipid metabolism of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma and to assess genotoxic effects of LF. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Total lipids and phospholipids were determined by thin-layer chromatography. Comet assay was used to investigate the genotoxic effects of LF. Results: Daily i.p. administrations of exogenous LF at concentrations of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg starting from the 4th day after tumor transplantation suppressed growth of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma by almost 44%. After treatment with recombinant LF in both doses, the phospholipid composition of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells was changed (3-fold increase of phosphatidylethanolamine, 3.4-fold increase of phosphatidylcholine, and 1.8-fold increase of sphingomyelin, while the cardiolipin content decreased by 67%. Exogenous LF was not genotoxic for bone marrow cells (as assessed by the ratio of PCE/NCE, number of micronuclei) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (percentage of DNA in the tail of a comet) in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats. Conclusion: Exogenous LF caused the inhibition of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma growth and a decrease in the microviscosity of plasma cell membranes, and exerted no genotoxicity toward bone marrow cells and peripheral blood of experimental animals. Key Words: lactoferrin, breast cancer, Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, phospholipid content, genotoxicity
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10.

Type of document : Magazine article
Edition cipher :
Author(s) : Symchych T. V., Fedosova N. I., Chumak A. V., Cheremshenko N. L., Karaman O. M., Burlaka A. P., Voyeykova I. M., Chekhun V. F.
Title : Functions of tumor-associated macrophages and macrophages residing in remote anatomical niches in Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice
Place of publication : Экспериментальная онкология. - 2020. - Т. 42, № 3. - С. 197-203 (Cipher ЕУ12/2020/42/3)
Notes : Бібліогр.: в кінці ст.
MeSH-main: БОЛЕЗНЬ, МОДЕЛИ НА ЖИВОТНЫХ -- DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL
КАРЦИНОМА, ЭРЛИХА ОПУХОЛЬ -- CARCINOMA, EHRLICH TUMOR
МАКРОФАГИ -- MACROPHAGES
МИКРОСКОПИЯ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИОННАЯ -- MICROSCOPY, POLARIZATION
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ДАННЫХ -- DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL
Annotation: The impact of growing tumor on polarization and functions of tumor-associated macrophages is well known while its influence on residential macrophages occupying different anatomical niches reminds to be elucidated. Aim: To study changes in polarization and functions of macrophages isolated from discrete anatomical niches in tumor-bearing mice at different stages of tumor growth. Materials and Methods: Ehrlich carcinoma was transplanted intramuscularly to Balb/c male mice. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after tumor transplantation, macrophages from tumor tissue, peritoneal cavity and spleen were isolated and analyzed. Nitric oxide production was measured by standard Griess reaction, arginase activity was determined by the measurement of urea, reactive oxygen species production was checked using NBT dye reduction assay and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cytotoxic activity was estimated in MTT-assay. Results: Independently of their localization in different anatomic niches, macrophages in mice with transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma gradually lose their tumoricidal activities while arginase activity is upregulated. This indicates the shift of polarization from M1-like towards M2-like phenotype. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that growing tumor could be able to subvert functioning of macrophages at the systemic level
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